Alfonso IX 'el Baboso' de León
<p>Alfonso IX de León (Zamora, 15 de agosto de 1171 - Sarria, 24 de septiembre de 1230) fue rey de León desde el 21 de enero de 1188 hasta su muerte.</p><p> </p><p>Hijo de Fernando II de León y Urraca de Portugal, tuvo dificultades para hacerse con el poder debido a las intrigas de su madrastra Urraca López de Haro, que aspiraba a entronizar a su propio hijo, el infante Sancho. A lo largode su reinado tuvo numerosos conflictos y tensiones con su primo Alfonso VIII de Castilla. Debido a estos, estuvo ausente en la Batalla de las Navas de Tolosa, pese a lo cual realizó una gran actividad de reconquista, recuperando para la Cristiandad las ciudades de Cáceres, Montánchez, Mérida y Badajoz.</p><p> </p><p>Contrajo matrimonio por primera vez con la infanta Teresa de Portugal, hija del rey Sancho I de Portugal y de la reina Dulce de Aragón. Fruto de su matrimonio nacieron tres hijos:</p><p>* Fernando de León y Portugal (1192/1193-1214).</p><p>* Sancha de León y Portugal (1191-a.1243).</p><p>* Dulce de León y Portugal (1193/1194-1248).</p><p>Se casó por segunda vez, en 1197, con la infanta Berenguela de Castilla, hija del rey Alfonso VIII de Castilla y de la reina Leonor de Plantagenet. Fruto de su matrimonio nacieron cinco hijos:</p><p>* Leonor de León y Castilla (1198-1202).</p><p>* Constanza de León y Castilla (1200-1242). Fue religiosa en el Monasterio de las Huelgas de Burgos.</p><p>* Fernando III el Santo (1201-1252). Ocupó el trono castellano en 1217, a la muerte de Enrique I, y el trono leonés en 1230, a la muerte de su padre, Alfonso IX. Contrajomatrimonio en dos ocasiones y fue canonizado por la Iglesia Católica en 1671, durante el pontificado de Clemente X.</p><p>* Alfonso de Molina (1202-1272). Señor consorte de Molina y Mesa. Contrajo matrimonio en tres ocasiones y fue el padre de la reina María de Molina.</p><p>* Berenguela de León (1204-1237). Contrajo matrimonio en 1224 con Juan de Brienne, rey de Jerusalén y posteriormente regente del Imperio Latino de Constantinopla.</p><p>Fruto de su relación con una dama de nombre desconocido nació un hijo,</p><p>* Pedro Alfonso de León (¿1196?-1226). Maestre de la Orden de Santiago. </p><p>Fruto de su relación con Inés Íñiguez de Mendoza, hija de Íñigo López de Mendoza, nació una hija:</p><p>* Urraca Alfonso de León. Señora consorte de Vizcaya por su matrimonio con Lope Díaz II de Haro, señor de Vizcaya.</p><p>Fruto de su relación con Aldonza Martínez de Silva, hija de Martín Gómez, señor de Silva, y de su esposa Urraca Rodríguez, nacieron tres hijos:</p><p>* Rodrigo Alfonso de León (¿1210?-d.1252). Señor de Aliger y Castro del Río y Adelantado mayor de la frontera de Andalucía. Contrajo matrimonio con Inés Rodríguez, hija de Rodrigo Fernández de Valduerna "el Feo", señor de Cabrera y alférez del rey Alfonso IX.</p><p>* Aldonza Alfonso de León (¿1212?-d.1267). Contrajo matrimonio con Diego Ramírez Froilaz, señor de Mansilla y Rueda,y antes de junio de 1230<ref>Real Academia de Historia, Colección Salazar y Castro, Ref. B-3, fº 325 [http://www.rah.es/pdf/SalazaryCastro.pdf] Donación hecha el 10 de junio de 1230 por Pedro Ponce de Cabrera y doña Aldonza Alfonso, su mujer, al Monasterio de Nogales de la iglesia de San Pelayo de Pobladura, en el valle de Aria</ref> con el conde Pedro Ponce de Cabrera, hijo del conde Ponce Vela de Cabrera y la condesa Teresa Rodríguez, señor del valle de Aria. </p><p>* Teresa Alfonso de León. Según algunos historiadores contrajo matrimonio con Nuño González de Lara "el Bueno", señor de la Casa de Lara. No obstante, la mayoría de los cronistas sostienen que quien contrajo matrimonio con Nuño González de Lara fue Teresa Alfonso de Molina, hija del infante Alfonso de Molina.</p><p>Fruto de su relación con la dama Estefanía Pérez, hija de Pedro Arias de Limia y de Constanza Osorio, nació un hijo:</p><p>* Fernando Alfonso de León (1211-¿?). Falleció en su juventud.</p><p>Fruto de su relación con la dama Maura nació un hijo:</p><p>* Fernando Alfonso de León (¿?-1278). Fue Deán de la Catedral de Santiago de Compostela, Arcediano de la Catedral de Salamanca y canónigo de la Catedral de León.</p><p>Fruto de su relación con la dama Teresa Gil de Soberosa, hija de Gil Vázquez de Soberosa y de María Arias o Aries de Fornelos, nacieron cuatro hijos:</p><p>* Sancha Alfonso de León (1220-1270). Contrajo matrimonio con Simón Ruiz de los Cameros, señor de los Cameros e hijo de Rodrigo Díaz de los Cameros y de Aldonza Díaz de Haro. Posteriormente profesó como religiosa en el convento de Santa Eufemia de Cozuelos de Ojeda.</p><p>* María Alfonso de León (¿1222?-d.1252). Contrajo un primer matrimonio con Álvaro Fernández de Lara, señor de Lara, yposteriormente con Suero Arias de Valladares. Fue amante de Alfonso X el Sabio.</p><p>* Martín Alfonso de León (¿1225?-1268/1272). Caballero de la Orden de Santiago. Contrajo matrimonio en tres ocasiones.</p><p>* Urraca Alfonso de León y Gil (1228-d.1252). Contrajo un primer matrimonio con García Romeu, señor de Tormos, Pradilla y El Frago, y posteriormente con Pedro Núñez de Guzmán, señor de Guzmán.</p><p>--------------------</p><p>Alfonso IX de León y Castilla fué el rey de Castilla y vivió desde el 1.199 hasta 1.252</p><p>--------------------</p><p>Portrait of Alfonso IX, from the Tumbo A cartulary of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. King of León and Galicia </p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Alfonso IX (15 August 1171 – 23 or 24 September 1230) was king of León and Galicia from the death of his father Ferdinand II in 1188 until his own death. According to Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406), he is said to have been called the Baboso or Slobberer because he was subject tofits of rage during which he foamed at the mouth.</p><p> </p><p>Alfonso was born in Zamora, the only son of King Ferdinand II of León and Urraca of Portugal.[1] He took a part in the work of thereconquest, conquering the whole of Extremadura (including the cities of Cáceres and Badajoz).</p><p> </p><p>He took steps towards modernizing and democratizing his dominion, founding the University of Salamanca in 1212. And in 1188 summoning the first parliament reflecting full representation of the citizenry ever seen in Western Europe, the Cortes of León.[2]</p><p> </p><p>The convening of the Cortes de León in the cloisters of the Basilica of San Isidoro would be one of the most important events of Alfonso's reign. The difficult economic situation at the beginning of his reign compelled Alfonso to raise taxes on the underprivileged classes, leading to protests and a few towns revolts. In response the king summoned the Cortes, an assembly of nobles, clergy and representativesof cities, and subsequently faced demands for compensatory spending and greater external control and oversight of royal expenditures. Alfonso's convening of the Cortes is considered by many historians, including Australia's John Keane,[3] to be instrumental to the formation democratic parliaments across Europe.</p><p> </p><p>The Cortes' 1188 session predates the first session of the Parliament of England, which occurred in in the thirteenth century.</p><p> </p><p>In spite of the democratic precedent represented by the Cortes and the founding of the University of Salamanca, Alfonso is often chiefly remembered for the difficulties his successive marriages caused between him with Pope Celestine III. He was first married in 1191 to his cousin, Teresa of Portugal,[2] who bore him two daughters, and a son who died young. The marriage was declared null by the papal legate Cardinal Gregory.</p><p> </p><p>After Alfonso VIII of Castile was defeated at the Battle of Alarcos, Alfonso IX invaded Castile with the aid of Muslim troops.[2] He was summarily excommunicated by Pope Celestine III. In 1197, Alfonso IX married his second cousin, Berenguela of Castile, to cement peace between León and Castile. For this act of consanguinity, the king and the kingdom were placed under interdict by Celestine.[4]</p><p> </p><p>The Pope was, however, compelled to modify his measures by the threat that, if the people could not obtain the services of religion, they would not support the clergy, and that heresy would spread. The king was left under interdict personally, but to that he showed himself indifferent, and he had the support of his clergy. Berenguela left him after the birth of five children, and the king then returned to Teresa, to whose daughters he left his kingdom in his will.</p><p> </p><p>ChildrenAlfonso's children by Theresa of Portugal[5] were:</p><p> </p><p>1) Ferdinand (ca. 1192-August 1214, aged around 22), unmarried and without issue </p><p>2) Sancha (ca. 1193-1270), unmarried and without issue </p><p>3) Dulce, also called Aldonza (1194/ca. 1195-ca./aft. 1243), unmarried and without issue </p><p>His eldest daughter, Sancha, was engaged to her cousin King Henry I of Castile, but Henry died in 1217 before the marriage could be solemnized. After his heir, from his first marriage (Ferdinand of León) died in 1214, Alfonso wanted to dis-inherit the eldest son from his second marriage (Ferdinand III of Castile).[citation needed] King Alfonso IX invited the former King Consort of Jerusalem John of Brienne to marry his daughter Sancha and thus inherit the Leonese throne through her.</p><p> </p><p>However, his former second wife, Queen Berengaria of Castile sabotaged this plan by convincing John of Brienne to marry her own daughter by Alfonso, Berengaria of León, instead.</p><p> </p><p>Though unmarried and pious spinster, Sancha was the nominal heiress of León-Galicia on her father's death in 1230. Sancha was easily set aside bynegotiations, including a good single woman dowry between the former first wife and the former second wife. Sancha became a nun at Cozollos, where she died in 1270; she was later beatified. Her sister Dulce-Aldonza spent her life with her mother in Portugal.</p><p> </p><p>Alfonso's children by Berengaria of Castile were:[6]</p><p> </p><p>4) Eleanor (1198/1199-31 October 1210) </p><p>5) King Ferdinand III the Saint (1200–1252) </p><p>6) Alfonso, 4th Lord of Molina (1203–1272) </p><p>7) Berengaria of León (1204–1237), married John of Brienne </p><p>8) Constance (1 May 1200 or 1205-7 September 1242), became a nun at Las Huelgas, Burgos, where she died </p><p>Alfonso also fathered many illegitimate children, some fifteen further children born out of wedlock are documented.</p><p> </p><p>Alfonso's children by Aldonza Martínez de Silva[7][8] (daughter of Martin Gomez de Silva & Urraca Rodriguez), later married to Diego Froilaz, Count of Cifuentes:</p><p> </p><p>9) Pedro Alfonso of León, 1st Lord of Tenorio (ca. 1196/ca. 1200-1226), Grand Master of Santiago, married N de Villarmayor, and had issue </p><p>10) Alfonso Alfonso of León, died yong </p><p>11) FernandoAlfonso of León, died young </p><p>12) Rodrigo Alfonso of León (ca. 1210-ca. 1267), 1st Lord of Aliger and Governor of Zamora, married ca. 1240 to Inés Rodriguez de Cabrera (ca. 1200-), and had issue </p><p>13) Teresa Alfonso of León (ca. 1210-), wife of Nuno Gonzalez de Lara, el Bueno, señor de Lara </p><p>14) Aldonza Alonso of León (ca. 1212/ca. 1215-1266), wife, first, of Diego Ramírez Froilaz, nephew of her stepfather, without issue, and, second, of Pedro Ponce de Cabrera, (ca. 1210-), and had issue, ancestors of the Ponce de León family. </p><p>Alfonso's child by Inés Iñíguez de Mendoza (born c. 1180) (daughter of Lope Iñiguez de Mendoza, 1st Lord of Mendoza (ca. 1140-1189) and wife Teresa Ximénez de los Cameros (ca. 1150-)):</p><p> </p><p>15) Urraca Alfonso of León(ca. 1190/ca. 1197-), first wife ca. 1230 of Lopo II Díaz de Haro (1192-15 December 1236), 6th Sovereign Lord of Viscaya and had issue, including Mécia Lopes de Haro. </p><p>Alfonso's child by Estefánia Pérez de Limia, daughter of Pedro Arias de Limia and wife, subsequently wife of Rodrigo Suárez, Merino mayor of Galicia, had issue):</p><p> </p><p>16) Fernando Alfonso of León (born c. 1211), died young </p><p>Alfonso's children by Maua, of unknown origin:</p><p> </p><p>17) Fernando Alfonso of León (ca. 1215/1218/1220-Salamanca, 1278/1279), Archdean of Santiago, married to Aldara de Ulloa and had issue </p><p>Alfonso's children by Teresa Gil de Soverosa (born c. 1170) (daughter of Dom Gil Vasques de Soverosa & first wife Maria Aires de Fornelos):</p><p> </p><p>18) MaríaAlfonso of León (ca. 1190/1200/1222-aft. 1252), married as his second wife Soeiro Aires de Valadares (ca. 1140-) and had issue and Álvaro Fernández de Lara (ca. 1200-) and had female issue, later mistress of her nephew Alfonso X of Castile </p><p>19) Sancha Alfonso of León (1210/ca. 1210-1270), a Nun after divorcing without issue Simón Ruíz, Lord of Los Cameros </p><p>20) Martín Alfonso ofLeón (ca. 1210/ca. 1225-1274/ca. 1275) </p><p>21) Urraca Alfonso of León (ca. 1210/1228-aft.1252, married twice, first to García Romeu of Tormos, without issue, then Pedro Guillén de Guzmán </p><p>Alfonso's other illegitimate child, mother unknown:</p><p> </p><p>22) Mayor Alfonso de León, married Rodrigo Gómez de Trava, without issue </p><p> </p><p>Notes:</p><p> </p><p>MedievalIberia: an encyclopedia, Ed. E. Michael Gerli and Samuel G. Armistead, (Routledge, 2003), 54. </p><p>^ a b c Medieval Iberia: an encyclopedia, 54. </p><p>^ [1] </p><p>^ Moore, John Clare, Pope Innocent III (1160/61-1216): To root up and to plant, (BRILL, 2003), 70-71 </p><p>^ Echols, Anne and Marty Williams, An Annotated index of Medieval Women, (Markus Weiner Publishing Inc, 1992), 400-401. </p><p>^ Medieval Iberia: an Encyclopedia, 162. </p><p>^ Ruano, Ruano and Joannes Ribadas, Casa de la Cabrera en Córdoba, (1779), 34. </p><p>^ Doubleday, Simon R., The Lara family: crown and nobility in medieval Spain, (Harvard University Press, 2001), 158. </p><p>[edit] ReferencesDoubleday, Simon R., The Lara family: crown and nobility in medieval Spain, Harvard University Press, 2001. </p><p>Echols, Anne and Marty Williams, An Annotated index of Medieval Women, Markus Weiner Publishing Inc, 1992. </p><p>Medieval Iberia: an encyclopedia, Ed. E. Michael Gerli and Samuel G. Armistead, Routledge, 2003. </p><p>Moore, John Clare, Pope Innocent III (1160/61-1216): To root up and to plant, BRILL, 2003. </p><p>Ruano, Ruano and Joannes Ribadas, Casa de la Cabrera en Córdoba, 1779. </p><p>[edit] Further readingFlorez, Enrique. Reinas Catolicas, 1761 </p><p> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). "Alphonso IX". Encyclopædia Britannica (Eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Alphonso_IX. </p><p>Szabolcs de Vajay, "From Alfonso VIII to Alfonso X" in Studies in Genealogy and Family History in Tribute to Charles Evans on the Occasion of his Eightieth Birthday, 1989, pp. 366–417. </p><p>Sánchez Rivera, Jesús Ángel, "Configuración de una iconografía singular: la venerable doña Sancha Alfonso, comendadora de Santiago", Anales de Historia del Arte, nº 18 (2008), Madrid, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, pp. 167–209. </p><p> </p><p>--------------------</p><p>Alfonso IX, Rey de Castilla y León was born on 15 August 1171 at Zamora, Spain. Hewas also reported to have been born in 1166.1 He was the son of Fernando II, Rey de León and Urraca de Portugal.1 He married, firstly, Theresa de Portugal, daughter of Sancho I de Bourgogne, Rei de Portugal and Dulcia de Provence, in 1190.1 He married, secondly, Berengaria de Castilla, daughter of Alfonso VIII, Rey de Castilla and Eleanor Plantagenet, circa 1198.1 He and Berengaria de Castilla were divorced in 1209. He and Theresa de Portugal were divorced in 1198.1 He died on 24 September 1230 at age 59 at Villanueva de Sarria.</p><p> Alfonso IX, Rey de Castilla y León succeeded to the title of Rey Alfonso IX de Castilla in 1188.1 He succeeded to the title of Rey Alfonso IX de León in 1188.1</p><p>Children of Alfonso IX, Rey de Castilla y León and Berengaria de Castilla</p><p> </p><p> * Fernando III, Rey de Castilla y León+ b. 1199, d. 30 May 1252</p><p> * Berengaria de Castilla+2 b. c 1198/99, d. 12 Apr1237</p><p> * Constanza de Castilla b. 1200, d. 1242</p><p> * Leonor de Castilla b. 1202, d. 1202</p><p> * Alfonso de Castilla, Duque de Molina+1 b. c 1203/4, d. 1272</p><p> </p><p>http://thepeerage.com/p10254.htm#i102533</p><p> </p><p>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_IX_of_Le%C3%B3n</p><p> </p><p>http://dustyhills.net/aqwg222.htm</p><p>--------------------</p><p>See link:</p><p> </p>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonso_VII_of_Castile
• Occupation: IX Rey de Castilla y Leon, King of Leon and Castile, King of Leon, Rey de Leon e Castilha, Rey de León y de Galicia, Rey de Castilla, Rey de Castilla y León, Rey de León y Galicia (1188-1230), Rey de León, Rey de Leon y Castilla, Rey de León., King. Alfonso married Berenguela I 'la Grande' de Castilla, daughter of Alfonso VIII 'el Noble' de Castilla and Aliénor d'Angleterre, about Dec 1197 in Valladolid, Spain. (Berenguela I 'la Grande' de Castilla was born in Jun 1180 in Burgos, Castille and Leon, Spain, christened in Queen, Leon, and, Castile, died on 8 Nov 1246 in Las Huelgas, Castille and Leon, Spain and was buried in 1246 in Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas, Burgos, Spain.) |
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